Understand what was measured.
Look for the starting point, the period covered, the group or individual involved and the source of the information.
Keep different evidence in view.
A young person’s account, professional observations and recorded measures can offer different perspectives. Ask where they agree and what each can establish.
Read the limits.
Reported progress does not automatically establish a single cause. Strong presentation makes context and uncertainty visible, with access to the original account where appropriate.
From the ECNM journal
This reading edition adapts our published work. Explore the original articles below.